Untouchable, a comedy drama directed by Olivier Nakache and Eric Toledano in 2011, depicts an adaptation of a true story, exploring the lives of a young black man who lands the job of caring for an older, wealthy disabled white man.

The film portrays Driss, the young black man, as living in a run down area of town in a small apartment with his siblings - later found to be his cousins - and his mother - later revealed to be his aunt. There are implicit references to drugs, although no illegal drugs are ever shown on screen, in particularly in regards to his younger cousin which helps to portray a negative stereotype of black young people and their involvement in drug related crime. This negative stereotype is further explored with images of Driss associating with groups of hooded men, connoting his involvement with gang culture. This touches on representing the issues of gangs and drugs.

Philippe is portrayed as a widower who is desperate to find love in his correspondence with a woman who he is yet to have met and his insecurities concerning his disability prevent him from confidently approaching the woman. His ordeal concerning losing his loved one and then searching for a new love introduces the themes of both love and loss into the film, which is also explored in regards to Driss and Phillippe's friendship and the absence of Driss' biological family.

Philippe's impressive home, attire and staff of assistance directly juxtaposes the cramped conditions of Driss' home life, particularly within two separate scenes that denote the bathrooms of each home: Driss' bathroom is used by all of the family members, often at the same time, which means that he has little privacy within it's cramped conditions, whereas Driss has his own spacious bathroom within Philippe's house. This is a clear representation of the difference in class between the two men. The difference is class is also explicitly represented through the fact that Philippe is willing to pay thousands of pounds for an abstract painting that Driss feels unworthy when Driss and his family have to work tirelessly to afford a decent quality of life for themselves, which is shown through Driss' aunt working late hours as a cleaner but also through Driss' attempt to steal one of Philippe's ornaments to provide his family with something of value. This also presents the theme of struggle.

Disability is represented most obviously with Untouchable by being presented at all - relating to identification, as discussed in the Uses and Gratifications theory. However, Philippe is not presented as a man overly bitter regarding his disability, as those with disabled often are, nor is he represented as a person with a lack of love for life. He is shown as funny and compassionate and, most importantly, human, regardless of his disability. I think that this is an important positive stereotype to promote the concept that disabilities do not change a person.

Overall, Untouchable focuses on various key aspects of representation, specifically race and disability, and has a narrative driven forward through the use of juxtaposing scenes, themes and characters and stereotypes.

“Suffragette”, set in 1912, depicts the life and tribulations of the women’s rights’ group, also under the name of the “Suffragettes”. Using real life events, such as the death of Emily Davison and the leadership of Emmeline Pankhurst, as well as introducing fictional characters and events, the film explores the struggle in establishing and exploring the right for women to vote.

In order to resonate with a modern day audience and the everyday women, the central protagonist, Maud Watts, was created as a character who supports the movement. Although Emily Davison and Emmeline Pankhurst are both featured and heavily referenced within the film, it is considered that their individual stories’ would not engage the intended audience as well as one that had never before been told in cinema; the story of the foot soldiers of the early feminist movement.

Within the film, the major emphasis on representation lies within that of gender. Women are presented as underprivileged, second-class citizens, who should abide to a patriarchal society in which they are oppressed. Regardless of this, since the film’s protagonists are all female, women are positively represented as powerful, regardless of being restricted any power.

In contrast, men are represented negatively regardless of their high positions within the patriarchal society. Many of the men are presented as being vile characters, behaving atrociously to women. For example, Norman Taylor - Maud’s boss - is shown to sexually abuse his workers, regardless of some of their young ages, as well as to demean and punish them, forcing them to work long hours for little pay. They are also represented further as violent through the exploration of how they are viewed through the female characters eyes. For example, when Maud says: “We break windows, we burn things, because war is the only language men listen to.” However, regardless of this overwhelmingly negative representation of the male gender, it is also shown through characters such as Maud’s husband, Sonny, that not all of the men are evil but perhaps led easily by the social conventions of the patriarchal society at the time. Likewise, the most positive representation of men can be found in that of Edith’s - Maud’s friend, pharmacist, and the leader of the particular group of foot soldiers featured within the film - husband, Hugh, who supports his wife’s cause.

The struggles that the women face establish the narrative as one that tells a somewhat sad story, of torment and troubles, regardless of the sense of empowerment. This is also conveyed through the use of cinematography and other visual codes. For example, the use of cool midtones and low-key lighting is used almost continuously throughout the film alongside imagery that uses low saturations. The regular use of close-up shots ensured that the audience felt connected to the characters, able to observe their facial expressions and find an insight into their emotions. The use of long shots were also used, however scarcely, to emphasis the vastness of the movement - for example, in riot and assembly scenes. These visual and technical codes are all key in simulating a negative, disconcerting mood.

The use of various audio codes - non-diegetic sound, the emphasis on diegetic background noises, and music, included - were also all important in creating a sense of mood. A noteworthy example of sound being used effectively was where there was an absence of it. For example, within the scene in which Emily Davison is hit by a horse, there is a considerable length of silence. This forces the audience to focus on the reactions of the other characters and gives them time for the events to be processed, therefore creating a more effective scene.

The film uses a traditional linear narrative structure and leaves an open ending that allows the audience to use contextual information to complete the story. Likewise, it is important to note the symbolism of this open ending; the fight for women’s equality is not yet over. This symbolic meaning ensures that the film is still relevant and important in today’s society.

As what I can only imagine is an accurate portrayal of the events of the 1920’s which saw women from all backgrounds fight for their right to vote, I found “Suffragette” to be a film that successfully resonated with me, and I believe the entire of the rest of the audience, and offered a sense of empowerment in that standing up for what you believe in, standing up for your rights, and standing up for yourself is effective in making a change that is worth the sacrifices that need to be made. Feminism and gender equality is still a social issue today and I found that the film, particularly in the use of the end credits where the list of countries and the dates in which women were awarded the vote in the respective countries, effectively represented this fact.

“Crash”, directed by Paul Haggis, is a 2004 drama depicting the very different lives of a set of individuals from Los Angeles whose narratives cross throughout the film, giving the film a multi-strand narrative where there are multiple protagonists who, in some cases (for example, Anthony (Ludacris)’s involvement in Rick Cabot’s (Brendan Fraser) life), also act as antagonists.

Over the previous few years, "John Lewis" have become renowned for their poignant, heart warming adverts. Their newest is no exclusion to their familiar structure.

For starters, similarly to the rest of John Lewis' catalog of television adverts, the lack of diegetic sound and dialogue paired with the use of non-diegetic music is apparent within this advertisement. The use of the upbeat music creates a positive atmosphere. Furthermore, the song used - "Tiny Dancer", by Elton John - is already a well-known song, enforcing the familiar mood. Using already renowned songs within their advertisements is something that John Lewis is notorious for as many of the songs and covers of existing songs used within their adverts reenter the UK music charts due to the popularity of the adverts. Likewise, John Lewis' adverts also mostly contain the use of bright colours and this is not made an exception within their latest Home Insurance Advert where the colours adopt a warm tone. The main character is also dressed in brighter colours than her surroundings which makes her the focal point.

The cinematography contains an array of shots but most of the camera work tracks the character using a mid-shot. This successfully ensures that the character is continuously the focus of the advert and that her expression is able to be seen. However, a variety of other camera angles and shots ensure that the advertisement does not grow visually tedious. For example, the use of a long shot breaks up the fluidity of the advertisement, causing the audience to stay alert. This also links into Todorov's theory of equilibrium where a narrative starts off with a familiar and comfortable setting and is disturbed - this is disequilibrium - before returning to the familiar state of equilibrium.

As for the content of the advertisement, the family represented is  white and middle classed. From the presence of the father, son, daughter, dog, cat, and pictures of the mother, we can assume that it is also a nuclear family. Notably, the actors within the other John Lewis adverts portray the same white, middle class attributes. This links to the fact that John Lewis target a middle class audience, however this also shows that the company sorely under-represents other ethnicity, races, and cultures.

As a whole piece, the advertisement is carefully considered and uses various visual, technical and audio codes to successfully attract and enthrall the intended audience, conveying the appropriate marketing message.